• Russia and China publicly condemned U.S. sanctions and military actions against Venezuela throughout 2025
• Beijing and Moscow use permanent Security Council seats to block resolutions criticizing Maduro government
• Support from autocratic allies provides Maduro alternatives to Western pressure and strengthens claim to legitimacy

CARACAS, Venezuela (TDR) — Russia and China have intensified their diplomatic and economic support for Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro throughout 2025, with both nations publicly condemning U.S. sanctions and warning against foreign interference in the South American nation. The Maduro international support from Beijing and Moscow has strengthened amid escalating tensions between Washington and Caracas, including U.S. military deployments in the Caribbean and designation of Venezuelan officials as terrorists.

Strategic Partnership Between Autocratic Powers

During Maduro’s weekly television program in late November, he displayed birthday letters from Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping expressing solidarity with Venezuela. Putin affirmed Moscow’s support and expressed confidence that Venezuela would overcome challenges with dignity, while Xi reiterated China’s categorical rejection of external forces interfering in Venezuela’s internal affairs.

The Maduro international support extends beyond diplomatic statements to concrete military and economic assistance. According to internal U.S. government documents, Maduro requested help from Putin in October 2025 to strengthen Venezuela’s air defense systems, including delivery of missile units and restoration of Russian-made Sukhoi fighter jets.

“I am certain that under his leadership, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela will overcome all trials with dignity and defend its legitimate interests in these turbulent times.”

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Russia and Venezuela signed a strategic partnership treaty in May 2025 covering hydrocarbons, finance, aviation, technology, military cooperation, and security for the next decade. Trade between Moscow and Caracas increased by 64 percent in 2024, though it remains below Russia’s trade with other Latin American nations like Brazil and Mexico.

China’s Economic Leverage and Zero-Tariff Deal

China has extended approximately $60 billion in loans to Venezuela over the past two decades, much of it repaid through oil shipments. Beijing unveiled a zero-tariff trade agreement with Caracas in 2025, moving rapidly into a sanctioned economy that Washington has sought to isolate.

The Maduro international support from China includes leveraging multibillion-dollar loans and establishment of satellite positioning and surveillance facilities to secure strategic control over Venezuela’s natural resources and critical infrastructure. Chinese technicians have helped Venezuela repair and update oil infrastructure, enabling increased crude exports primarily to China.

United Nations Security Council Dynamics

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At emergency United Nations Security Council meetings, both Russia and China have used their permanent seats to condemn U.S. military threats against Venezuela. Russian Ambassador Vasily Nebenzya warned Washington against committing an irreparable mistake by launching direct attacks against the Caribbean nation, while Chinese Ambassador Fu Cong called U.S. strikes against vessels in the Caribbean unilateral and excessive actions.

The Maduro international support at multilateral forums enables Venezuela to resist Western pressure and maintain claims to international legitimacy despite widespread condemnation of fraudulent elections. China and Russia oppose unilateral sanctions that have no basis in international law and are not authorized by the Security Council.

Arguments Supporting International Backing

Proponents of Russia and China’s Maduro international support argue that Venezuela has the right to seek partnerships with any nation and that U.S. sanctions constitute illegal interference in a sovereign state’s internal affairs. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning emphasized that Beijing opposes the use or threat of force in international relations and rejects external interference under any pretext.

Venezuelan officials maintain that cooperation with Russia and China represents legitimate diplomatic and economic relationships between sovereign nations. The Maduro international support provides alternatives to Western-dominated financial systems and enables Venezuela to resist what Caracas characterizes as U.S. imperialism.

Criticism of Autocratic Alliance

Critics argue that Maduro international support from authoritarian regimes enables human rights abuses and democratic erosion in Venezuela. U.S. and European officials contend that Russia and China’s backing allows Maduro to maintain power despite losing legitimacy through fraudulent elections that sparked mass protests and international condemnation.

Atlantic Council analysts note that Russia’s war in Ukraine has limited Moscow’s capacity to provide significant military or economic assistance to Venezuela. Trade between Russia and Venezuela barely reached $1.2 billion in 2024, far below what Moscow trades with other regional partners.

The Maduro international support faces practical limitations as both Russia and China prioritize their own strategic interests over Venezuelan stability. Former U.S. officials suggest that leaning on Russia in a potential confrontation with the United States is unlikely to succeed given Moscow’s resource constraints from the Ukraine conflict.

Geopolitical Implications

The Maduro international support creates a triangular competition in Latin America between U.S. influence and Sino-Russian partnerships. Venezuela’s alignment with Beijing and Moscow mirrors broader geopolitical rivalries playing out across multilateral institutions and regional organizations.

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